sheeple

About Sheeple
=============

Vision
------

Sheeple is a Dynamic, CLOS-like, Delegative Prototype-based Object-Oriented Programming Framework
(or "POOP Framework") that strives to optimize application flexibility, minimize cost while
increasing value, maximize programmer resources, and empower application implementers to better
assist them in leveraging modern paradigms in order to proactively achieve next-generation synergy
in tomorrow's web 3.0 world. It is implemented in (mostly) ANSI Common Lisp. Sheeple is fully
buzzword compliant.

Sheeple was originally written as a persistent library for use with [Sykosomatic][1]. Because of a
desire to use it in other applications, it was rewritten as a regular prototype object system and
provided as a standalone library meant for general-purpose OO hackery.

The goal of having a Sheeple-like persistent object store has not been abandoned. Instead, it's
being implemented as a [separate library][2] using Sheeple's reflection features.

Sheeple is inspired by a number of Object-Oriented systems, mainly:

* [CLOS][3], the Common Lisp Object System.

* [Slate][4], a Smalltalk-like language with Prototype Multiple Dispatch which lies at the root of
  Sheeple's message dispatch system.

* [Self][5], another Smalltalk-like language with much literature discussing both it and the
  concept of prototype OO. The Self compiler's maps were also an inspiration for Sheeple's molds.

* [Io][6], a pure prototype language build around differential inheritance.

We are designing Sheeple with the purpose of providing the goodies of CLOS programming in a
completely prototype-based environment. As such, Sheeple shares a lot of features and syntax with
CLOS, most notably multiple inheritance and multiply-dispatched methods.

Supported Platforms
-------------------
Confirmed to work (pass all tests):

* SBCL 1.0.33
* Clozure CL 1.4
* GNU CLISP 2.48
* Allegro CL 8.1

Sheeple doesn't use any OS-specific code (or threads), so it should be stable on all operating
systems. Sheeple has been tested on OSX, Linux, and Windows Vista. It should work on any
implementation that supports both key-weak and value-weak hashtables. If you run the test suite on a
platform not listed above, and all tests pass, please e-mail me and I'll add it to the list of
supported platforms.

Loading Sheeple
---------------
It's fairly effortless to get Sheeple working. To get started, simply

         (require 'asdf)
         (asdf:load-system 'sheeple)
         (in-package sheeple-user)

And mess around from there. Be aware that if your implementation does not include ASDF, you will
have to acquire it and load it yourself. CLISP, for example, will require this. For information on
how to do this, check out [Cliki][7], or the [ASDF Homepage][8].

Sheeple also includes a suite of tests you can run on whatever platform you're trying to get it to
work on. The test suite depends on [fiveam][9]. To run it:

         (asdf:oos 'asdf:test-op 'sheeple)

And watch the tests scroll by. All tests should pass as long as you're using a tagged release on a
supported platform.

Mailing Lists
-------------

There are mailing lists set up in common-lisp.net. Please refer to [Sheeple's project page][10] for
more information.

Features
--------

* Dynamic object management tools (inspection of objects, addition/removal of properties, all
  without requiring full redefinition/object updating).

* Differential inheritance of property values

* Efficient property access.

* Mostly efficient dispatch (WIP)

* Integration with built-in Lisp types through autoboxing.

* Multiple inheritance with dynamic inspection and management (adding/removing) of parents.

* Multiple dispatch on replies (methods) -- replies specialize on specific objects, and follow their
  inheritance hierarchies. Reply definition is almost identical to the core of CLOS methods, and
  shares similar semantics.

* CLOS-style standard combination for replies (:before, :after, and :around)


Using Sheeple
=============

Sheeple includes a user manual with a full CLHS-style specification of the API. The manual can be
built from doc/, using make. This requires texinfo to be installed. A [prebuilt manual][11] in PDF
format is also available..

For a quicker introduction, you can also take a peek at the examples/ directory.

As usual, you can always contact me directly with questions. I also regularly lurk in #lisp@freenode
(as zkat).

Quick Example
-------------

This creates a standard object with only =STANDARD-OBJECT= as its parent

        SHEEPLE-USER> (defparameter *my-object* (object))
        *MY-OBJECT*

We can add properties to an object at any time. This particular call also auto-generates an accessor
based on the property name given.

        SHEEPLE-USER> (setf (property-value *my-object* 'var :accessor t) "value")
        #<Object #x1579A04E>
        SHEEPLE-USER> (var *my-object*)
        "value"

Creating a new object is as simple as calling OBJECT.

        SHEEPLE-USER> (defparameter *child* (object :parents (list *my-object*)))
        *CHILD*

Sheeple does differential inheritance by default. This means that value lookup fetches the first
available value found in the object's precedence list, unless a value is set directly in an object.

        SHEEPLE-USER> (var *child*)
        "value"
        SHEEPLE-USER> (setf (var *my-object*) "new-value")
        "new-value"

We've changed *my-object*'s VAR value, so *child*'s VAR value will also change.

        SHEEPLE-USER> (var *my-object*)
        "new-value"
        SHEEPLE-USER> (var *child*)
        "new-value"

Replies are to Messages as Methods are to Generic Functions, and the semantics are very similar (at
least on the surface).  Note that Sheeple handles built-in Lisp objects, and can dispatch on
them. They are named just like the lisp types they refer to, with the =foo= naming scheme for
prototypes.

        SHEEPLE-USER> (defmessage synergize (a b))
        #<Message: SYNERGIZE #x157AAC36>
        SHEEPLE-USER> (defreply synergize ((a =string=) (b =string=)) (concatenate 'string a b))
        #<Reply: SYNERGIZE #x157D90FE>
        SHEEPLE-USER> (defreply synergize ((a =number=) (b =number=)) (+ a b))
        #<Reply: SYNERGIZE #x15815B76>
        SHEEPLE-USER> (synergize "foo " "bar")
        "foo bar"
        SHEEPLE-USER> (synergize 5 5)
        10

Replies are defined on sheep objects themselves. No need for eql-specialization, everything is an
'instance' in Sheeple.

        SHEEPLE-USER> (defreply synergize ((a *my-object*) (b *my-object*))
                        (object :parents (list a b)))
        #<Reply: SYNERGIZE #x157C5596>
        SHEEPLE-USER> (synergize *my-object* *child*)
        ; ERROR - circular precedence graph
        ; Evaluation aborted.
        SHEEPLE-USER> (synergize *child* *my-object*)
        #<Object #x15787456>
        SHEEPLE-USER> (var (synergize *child* *my-object*))
        "new-value"

Finally, since objects are fully-dynamic, you can even add and remove parents by simply setting its
object-parents place:

        SHEEPLE-USER> (defparameter *my-object* (object))
        *MY-OBJECT*
        SHEEPLE-USER> (object-parents *my-object*)
        (#<Object =STANDARD-OBJECT= #x3000413F556D>)
        SHEEPLE-USER> (push (object :nickname 'some-other-object) (object-parents *my-object*))
        (#<Object SOME-OTHER-OBJECT #x30004159311D> #<Object =STANDARD-OBJECT= #x3000413F556D>)
        SHEEPLE-USER> (object-parents *my-object*)
        (#<Object SOME-OTHER-OBJECT #x30004159311D> #<Object =STANDARD-OBJECT= #x3000413F556D>)

[1]: http://github.com/zkat/sykosomatic/
[2]: http://github.com/zkat/shepherdb/
[3]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLOS
[4]: http://slatelanguage.org/
[5]: http://research.sun.com/self/
[6]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_(programming_language)
[7]: http://www.cliki.net/asdf
[8]: http://common-lisp.net/project/asdf/
[9]: http://www.cliki.net/fiveam
[10]: http://common-lisp.net/project/sheeple
[11]: http://sykosomatic.org/sheeple/sheeple.pdf


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